How Voluntary are Voluntary Import Expansions?

How Voluntary Is ‘voluntary’ Orienting of Attention?

HOW VOLUNTARY IS ‘VOLUNTARY’ ORIENTING OF ATTENTION? Caroline Decaix1,2, Eric Siéroff2 and Paolo Bartolomeo1,3 (1INSERM Unit 324, Centre Paul Broca, 2ter rue d’Alésia, 75014 Paris, France; 2Université René Descartes (Paris 5), Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, cnrs URA 8581, Paris, France; 3Neuroscience Department, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France)

How Effective Are Voluntary Measures to Curb Pollution?

Research News raditionally, U.S. environmental policy has emphasized mandatory regulations that prescribe limits on emissions of pollutants or the use of specific abatement technology such as scrubbers. While these regulations have protected the environment, they have encouraged firms to concentrate on pollution controls that operate at the end of the factory smokestack or at the point of efflu...

Accreditation: Non-governmental and Voluntary?

Accreditation, as an approach to quality assurance and improvement, has a hundred-year history in the United States. Other countries have started to establish such systems in the past twenty years. Recently, we have witnessed numerous discussions and some practical steps toward establishing accreditation systems in Iran. A major practical challenge for such newer accreditation systems is that...

Are gifts and loans between households voluntary?

Using village data from Tanzania, we test whether gifts and loans between households are voluntary while correcting for mis-reporting by the giving and receiving households. Two maintained assumptions underlie our analysis: answers to a question on who people would turn to for help are good proxies for willingness to link; and, conditional on regressors, the probability of reporting a gift or l...

VOLUNTARY ASSURANCE OF VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE∗ by